how to become an airline pilot

Have you considered becoming an airline pilot, but are not sure what is involved?

This comprehensive guide gives you all the information you need to make an informed decision: How much training costs and how long it takes, what you can expect to earn in your career, whether to choose regional or long haul, and everything in between.

How to become an airline pilot in the u.s.

Becoming an airline pilot is more than choosing a career, it is choosing a life defined by purpose, precision, and possibility.

From the first time you take the controls to the moment you step onto the flight deck of a commercial aircraft, every stage of training builds the confidence, discipline, and technical skill needed to operate safely in one of the world’s most exciting industries.

Whether you are inspired by travel, advanced technology, problem-solving, or the responsibility of connecting people and places, the journey to becoming an airline pilot offers a clear and rewarding path to a future above the clouds.

The route to becoming an airline pilot in the United States is clear, achievable, and designed to build the skills, knowledge, and attitude needed for a successful aviation career.

There are several routes to becoming an airline pilot in the U.S., depending on your starting point, budget, timeline, and career goals.

The end goal is usually the same: build the qualifications and flight hours needed for an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate – we explore this in greater detail throughout this document. Depending on the flight school you attend and your chosen training path, you may have the opportunity to apply to an airline whilst in training.

So, what are your options?

1. FAA Part 141 Flight Training Route

Through a professional FAA Part 141 training program, students can progress from little or no flight experience to becoming Certified Flight Instructors (CFIs) and, ultimately, airline pilots.

This is a structured, full-time training route through a professional flight academy.

You typically progress through:

Private Pilot Certificate
Instrument Rating
Commercial Pilot Certificate
Multi-Engine Rating
Certified Flight Instructor qualification
Flight-hour building
Airline Transport Pilot pathway

Best for: Part 141 is best for students who want a clear, focused route with professional training, airline-style procedures, and career support.

2. FAA Part 61 Flight Training Route

With this route you can complete each license, rating, and certificate separately, often at your own pace.

In the U.S., this is commonly completed under FAA Part 61 training, which offers more flexibility than a structured Part 141 program.

Students can train around work, study, or other commitments, with instructors adapting lessons to individual progress and availability.

However, bear in mind that the timeline to airline eligibility can be longer, and more expensive, and require greater levels of self-motivation.

Best for: Part 61 is for students who require flexibility, and the ability to progress at their own pace. This route requires strong self-motivation and careful planning to stay on track toward an airline career.

3. University aviation degree route

Some students complete a college or university aviation program that combines academic study with flight training.

Best for: University Aviation Degrees are best for Students who want a degree alongside pilot training, or who are interested in aviation management, aerospace, or broader airline careers as well as flying.

4. Military pilot route

Some airline pilots begin by training and flying in the U.S. military before transitioning to civilian airline flying.

Best for: People interested in military service, advanced aircraft operations, and a longer-term commitment before moving into commercial aviation.

5. Airline cadet or pathway program

Some academies and airlines offer pathway or cadet-style programs that guide students from training into airline recruitment opportunities.

These do not usually guarantee a job, but they can provide a clearer connection between training and airline employment.

These style programs are often linked to FAA Part 141 flight training schools.

Best for: Students who want a more direct link between training and future airline opportunities.

Before we get into the detail of how, let’s start at the basics…

What is a pilot?

A pilot is someone who operates an aircraft, whether it’s a fixed-wing aircraft (airplane) or a rotary-wing aircraft (helicopter). In this guide, we’ll focus on fixed-wing aircraft and explain how to become an airline pilot in the United States.

There are three main types of pilots:

Private Pilots

With a Private Pilot License (PPL), private pilots can fly light aircraft for recreation and personal travel, but they cannot be paid to fly.

Often compared to a driver’s license for the skies, a Private Pilot Certificate allows pilots to take friends and family on non-commercial flights throughout the United States and internationally.

Commercial Pilots

With a Commercial Pilot License (CPL), commercial pilots are legally qualified to fly for compensation or hire.

They may transport passengers or cargo, operate charter flights (usually as a First Officer or Captain for an airline), conduct aerial surveys, perform agricultural operations, or work as flight instructors if they also hold the appropriate instructor certification.

All airline pilots are commercial pilots, but not all commercial pilots are airline pilots.

Military Pilots

Military pilots complete specialized training to operate military aircraft, including fighter jets, transport aircraft, helicopters, and other mission-specific aircraft.

They carry out a wide range of operations, including combat missions, intelligence and reconnaissance, search and rescue, humanitarian aid, and personnel and equipment transport.

Let’s look a little further at airline pilots…

Airlines pilots

Airline pilots are responsible for safely operating aircraft and transporting passengers and cargo around the world. While flying the aircraft is a key part of the role, the job involves much more than simply taking off and landing.

It is a common misconception that newly qualified pilots are ‘co-pilots’ who never touch the controls. This couldn’t be further from the truth.

In your starting role as a First Officer, you will be performing take-offs, approaches, landings, and general cruise tasks, employing a combination of manual operation and monitoring computer-controlled flying systems. You will be required to keep fuel logs, communicate with Air Traffic Control (ATC) and work as part of a team.

Below, we breakdown the seniority outline for an airline pilot, from newly qualified upward:

1. Newly Qualified Commercial Pilot

At this stage, a pilot has earned a Commercial Pilot Certificate and may also hold ratings such as Instrument and Multi-Engine. They are legally qualified to be paid to fly, but they usually do not yet have enough flight hours or experience to join an airline as a First Officer.

Typical next step: build flight hours, often as a Certified Flight Instructor.

2. Certified Flight Instructor / Hour-Building Pilot

Many aspiring airline pilots work as Certified Flight Instructors (CFIs) after completing training. This allows them to teach student pilots while building the flight hours needed for airline eligibility.

Other hour-building roles may include charter flying, banner towing, aerial survey work, or cargo operations, depending on qualifications and opportunities.

3. Airline Transport Pilot Eligible

Once a pilot has built the required experience, including the flight hours needed for the Airline Transport Pilot Certificate, they can begin applying for airline roles.

In the U.S., airline pilots generally need an ATP Certificate, or a Restricted ATP in some cases, to serve as an airline First Officer.

4. First Officer

A First Officer is a fully qualified airline pilot who works alongside the Captain on the flight deck.

First Officers fly the aircraft, manage systems, communicate with Air Traffic Control, help make operational decisions, and share responsibility for the safe operation of the flight.

This is usually the first airline pilot role.

5. Senior First Officer

As a pilot gains airline experience, they may become a more senior First Officer.

Seniority usually improves schedule choice, route preference and aircraft opportunities.

A Senior First Officer may also support newer First Officers and take on more complex operations, depending on the airline.

6. Captain

A Captain is the pilot in command and has overall responsibility for the aircraft, passengers, crew, and flight. Captains lead the flight deck, make final operational decisions, and ensure the flight is conducted safely and professionally.

Promotion to Captain depends on airline seniority, experience, aircraft vacancies, training performance, and operational need.

7. Senior Captain

A Senior Captain has significant experience and seniority within the airline. This often brings greater choice over schedules, routes, aircraft type, and base location.

Senior Captains may also take on additional responsibilities such as mentoring, safety leadership, or supporting training teams.

8. Training Captain / Check Airman

Some experienced Captains move into training or examining roles. In the U.S., this may include becoming a Check Airman, responsible for training, evaluating, and checking other pilots.

These roles require strong technical knowledge, leadership, communication skills, and a strong safety record.

9. Chief Pilot / Flight Operations Leadership

At the highest levels, some pilots move into airline management or flight operations leadership. Roles may include Chief Pilot, Fleet Manager, Director of Flight Operations, or similar leadership positions.

These pilots help oversee standards, safety, training, staffing, and operational performance across the airline.

A career like no other

Depending on the airline and aircraft you operate on, you may return to your home base at the end of each day or find yourself down route in a foreign city for a night or two. Every flight presents new challenges, new destinations and new opportunities to develop your skills.
For many pilots, the variety and unique perspective from the cockpit makes aviation one of the most rewarding industries to work in.

A day in the life of an airline pilot

A commercial flying career can take many different paths, but whether you’re flying domestic routes or international destinations, every flight is built on the same foundations: safety, teamwork and professionalism.

While the responsibilities are similar, the lifestyle and day-to-day experience of short-haul and long-haul flying are very different.

Let’s take a look at each route below:

Short-Haul / domestic / regional flying

Many airline pilots begin their careers flying short-haul, which can also be known as domestic or regional, flying domestic or regional routes.

Pilots typically operate multiple flights each day, making every shift fast-paced and varied.

A typical day includes pre-flight planning, reviewing weather, fuel requirements, aircraft performance, and flight plans before completing cockpit checks and preparing for departure.

Quick turnarounds mean pilots need to stay organized and work closely with cabin crew, dispatchers, and ground teams to keep flights running safely and on schedule.

Short-haul flying offers plenty of variety, with changing weather, busy airports, and different destinations.

Many pilots enjoy being home more often, while others use it as a stepping stone to long-haul flying.

Long-Haul / International flying

Long-haul or International flying follows the same principles but at a different pace. Flights require more detailed planning, longer boarding times, and additional considerations such as oceanic routes.

Once airborne, pilots monitor weather, fuel, aircraft systems, and route progress throughout the flight.

Longer flights often include an additional pilot, allowing crew members to take scheduled rest breaks before arrival.

Managing fatigue is an important part of long-haul operations, as pilots regularly cross multiple time zones and work varied schedules.

For many, the biggest reward is the opportunity to fly larger aircraft, visit destinations around the world, and experience different cultures during layovers.

Which is right for you?

Both short-haul and long-haul flying offer rewarding airline pilot careers.

Short-haul or domestic/regional flying provides variety and frequent flying, while long-haul or international flying offers overseas travel and the chance to operate larger aircraft.

Whichever path you choose, professional flight training such as the training you would receive at Skyborne Airline Academy, will prepare you with the skills, knowledge and attitude needed to succeed as a commercial pilot.

Is becoming an airline pilot right for you?

Airline pilots come from all backgrounds. While there is no single personality type that fits the profession, there are several qualities that can help you thrive.

Below are some of the eligibility criteria you need to meet:

Communication

Pilots constantly communicate with fellow crew members, air traffic controllers, dispatchers and passengers.

Decision-Making

The ability to evaluate situations quickly and make sound decisions is essential in aviation.

Leadership

Pilots are responsible for the safety of everyone on board and must demonstrate professionalism and leadership at all times.

Technical Aptitude

Modern aircraft are sophisticated machines. Pilots must be comfortable learning complex systems and procedures.

Discipline and Motivation

Flight training is demanding and requires commitment and a strong work ethic.

Education

Applicants entering professional pilot training should typically possess an education level equivalent to a U.S. high school diploma or higher.

Some airline employers may prefer applicants who have completed college-level education, although requirements vary between airlines.

Medical Requirements

Before pursuing a professional pilot career, you’ll need to obtain an FAA Medical Certificate. This medical examination assesses vision, hearing, general health and fitness to fly.

Many aspiring pilots are surprised to learn that perfect vision is not required. In many cases, vision that can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses is acceptable under FAA medical standards.

Age

You can gain a Commercial Pilot License at as young as 18 years old, but most airlines require applicants to be at least 21 years old, the minimum age for the ATP certificate.

The mandatory retirement age is 65 years old, so if you want to become a career pilot, look at how many years’ earnings you’ll have before retirement and ensure that it’s a worthwhile investment.

So, what next…?

Steps to becoming an airline pilot

Skyborne Airline Academy’s full-time FAA Part 141 flight school program takes you from Private Pilot to Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) and beyond, preparing you for a career as an airline pilot, or professional CFI.

Our training is aligned with the airlines from day one, giving you access to highly experienced instructors who will guide you through each phase, providing you with the skills, knowledge, and attitude to succeed no matter which path you choose.

All Part 141 flight training takes place at Skyborne’s Vero Beach, Florida training academy, with over 350 days of flying weather a year!

After completing your CFII training, eligible graduates may have the opportunity to become a Skyborne flight instructor, building the flight hours required for airline employment while gaining valuable teaching experience.

Through our growing network of airline partnerships, including Envoy, SkyWest and Avelo, you’ll have access to career pathways designed to help you transition from flight training to the flight deck.

Becoming an airline pilot involves progressing through several certifications and ratings. Let’s take a look at them now…

Step 1: Earn your Private Pilot Certificate (PPL)

Your journey begins with the Private Pilot License (PPL), where you’ll learn the fundamentals of flight, aircraft handling, navigation, and aviation regulations. This foundation develops the core skills needed for every stage of future training.

Step 2: Add an Instrument Rating

An Instrument Rating (IR) allows pilots to operate safely in a wider range of weather conditions using aircraft instruments and navigation systems. This qualification is an essential step toward a professional flying career.

Step 3: Earn your Commercial Pilot Certificate (CPL)

The Commercial Pilot License (CPL) allows pilots to be compensated for flying and represents a significant milestone on the path to professional aviation.

Step 4: Add a Multi-Engine Rating

Airline aircraft operate with multiple engines, making a Multi-Engine Rating an important qualification for future airline employment.

Pilots learn advanced aircraft handling and systems management while operating more complex aircraft.

Step 5: Become a Certified Flight Instructor

Many aspiring airline pilots become Certified Flight Instructors (CFIs), allowing them to teach student pilots while gaining valuable flying experience and building flight hours.

Step 6: Build flight hours

Pilots must accumulate 1,500 flying hours before becoming eligible for airline employment.

Note – Some U.S airlines accept lower hours for domestic operations.

Working as a flight instructor provides an excellent opportunity to build flight hours while developing leadership and communication skills.

Step 7: Earn an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP CTP)

The Airline Transport Pilot (ATP CTP) Certificate is the highest level of pilot certification issued by the FAA and is required for airline pilot positions.

At Skyborne Airline Academy, we offer regular ATP-CTP courses.

Step 7: Earn an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP CTP)

Once the necessary qualifications and experience requirements have been met, pilots can begin applying for airline positions, launching their professional aviation careers.

Many airlines offer the opportunity to apply for a role during training, such as Envoy and SkyWest.

A question we get asked a lot is, how can I fund my training?…

Funding your pilot training

Professional flight training is a significant investment in your future. Skyborne Airline Academy works with established funding providers to help students finance training.

Available options include:

Sallie Mae® Funding

Skyborne partners with Sallie Mae to provide career training loan options for aspiring pilots.

These loans can help eligible students cover the cost of their flight training, allowing them to spread the investment over time through a structured repayment plan.

Loan terms, eligibility requirements, and repayment options are determined directly by Sallie Mae.

529 Plan

Skyborne accepts 529 Plan funding, giving eligible students the opportunity to use their education savings toward qualified flight training expenses.

A 529 Plan is a tax-advantaged education savings account that can help families and individuals plan for future education costs and may be used toward eligible training expenses depending on the plan and circumstances.

Stratus Financial

Skyborne has partnered with Stratus Financial to provide additional financing solutions for aspiring pilots.

Stratus specializes in aviation-focused lending and offers funding options designed specifically to support students pursuing professional flight training.

Eligible students can explore financing options to help cover some or all of their training costs.

Every student’s financial situation is different, and the best funding approach will depend on your individual circumstances, goals, and training plan.

Many students combine different funding methods, such as savings, payment plans, education funds, or loans, to help manage the cost of their training.

Funding availability and eligibility requirements vary by provider.

Students should review all terms and conditions directly with the relevant funding provider before making a decision.

Discipline and Motivation

Flight training is demanding and requires commitment and a strong work ethic.

You now understand what it takes to become a commercial pilot, but what can you expect to earn…?

How much will I earn as an airline pilot?

Flying is a satisfying and rewarding career and airline pilots are paid very well.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a median airline pilot salary of $167,000 for 2025, with averages ranging from $161,300 to $219,140 depending on airline and aircraft type.

Entry-level regional pilots often start between $60,000–$120,000, while senior captains at major airlines can earn $200,000–$375,000 or more.

Pay for airline pilots depends on the airline, the airline type (regional or major), the pilot’s experience level (pilot seniority), and the aircraft being flown. U.S. airlines offer competitive pay with significant increases as experience accrues, along with benefits such as health, disability, and retirement plans.

Industry growth

In 2025, the airline industry is experienced record passenger growth, with global traffic surpassing 5.2 billion and revenues exceeding $1 trillion for the first time.

North American airlines are projected to hire approximately 18,500 new pilots every year through 2045 to meet fleet expansion and replace retirees.

The competitive landscape, ongoing supply chain challenges, and wage pressure are driving up compensation, with the average U.S. airline pilot salary now around $161,000–$219,000 per year, depending on experience and type of carrier.

Now you understand what is involved in becoming an airline pilot, the next step is getting started. Our Flight Training Advisors are here to support you every step of the way.

Simply select a link below, and we’ll help you navigate your journey.

how to become an airline pilot

Have you considered becoming an airline pilot, but are not sure what is involved?